新陈代谢综合征与乳腺癌患病风险有关

美国研究人员在7月刊的《癌症流行病学、生物标记和预防》杂志上报告说，他们研究发现，更年期出现新陈代谢综合征会增加女性绝经后罹患乳腺癌的风险。

新陈代谢综合征是女性更年期比较常见的症状，包括腹部脂肪堆积、高血压、高血糖、高血脂和高胆固醇等。

美国纽约艾伯特·爱因斯坦医学院的研究人员对4888名50岁至79岁的女性进行了长达8年的跟踪研究，被调查者最初均未出现新陈代谢综合征或患乳腺癌。在研究期间，共有165人被诊断出患乳腺癌。

研究结果显示，更年期出现新陈代谢综合征的人在绝经后罹患乳腺癌的风险比没有患新陈代谢综合征的女性高出两倍。此外，在更年期期间，仅血压低压过高就会使女性患乳腺癌的风险增加两倍；甘油三酯和血糖过高则使女性患乳腺癌的风险分别增加约1．7倍。

研究人员指出，他们接下来将进一步研究为何新陈代谢综合征的诸多症状对乳腺癌发病风险的影响存在差异。（生物谷Bioon.com）

生物谷推荐原始出处：

Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 18, 1730, June 1, 2009. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0045

Intakes of Fruit, Vegetables, and Carotenoids and Renal Cell Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis of 13 Prospective Studies

Jung Eun Lee1, Satu M?nnist?6, Donna Spiegelman3,5, David J. Hunter1,3,4, Leslie Bernstein7, Piet A. van den Brandt8, Julie E. Buring2,3, Eunyoung Cho1,4, Dallas R. English9, Andrew Flood10, Jo L. Freudenheim12, Graham G. Giles9, Edward Giovannucci1,3,4, Niclas H?kansson14, Pamela L. Horn-Ross15, Eric J. Jacobs16, Michael F. Leitzmann17, James R. Marshall13, Marjorie L. McCullough16, Anthony B. Miller18, Thomas E. Rohan19, Julie A. Ross11, Arthur Schatzkin20, Leo J. Schouten8, Jarmo Virtamo6, Alicja Wolk14, Shumin M. Zhang2 and Stephanie A. Smith-Warner3,4

1 Channing Laboratory, and 2 Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; 3 Departments of Epidemiology, 4 Nutrition, and 5 Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 6 National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; 7 City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; 8 Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, University Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; 9 Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; 10 Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, and 11 Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; 12 Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York; 13 Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York; 14 Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; 15 Northern California Cancer Center, Fremont, California; 16 Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; 17 Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; 18 Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 19 Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; and 20 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Health Services, Bethesda, Maryland

Fruit and vegetable consumption has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of renal cell cancer. We conducted a pooled analysis of 13 prospective studies, including 1,478 incident cases of renal cell cancer (709 women and 769 men) among 530,469 women and 244,483 men followed for up to 7 to 20 years. Participants completed a validated food-frequency questionnaire at baseline. Using the primary data from each study, the study-specific relative risks (RR) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model and then pooled using a random effects model. We found that fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with a reduced risk of renal cell cancer. Compared with <200 g/d of fruit and vegetable intake, the pooled multivariate RR for 600 g/d was 0.68 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.54-0.87; P for between-studies heterogeneity = 0.86; P for trend = 0.001]. Compared with <100 g/d, the pooled multivariate RRs (95% CI) for 400 g/d were 0.79 (0.63-0.99; P for trend = 0.03) for total fruit and 0.72 (0.48-1.08; P for trend = 0.07) for total vegetables. For specific carotenoids, the pooled multivariate RRs (95% CIs) comparing the highest and lowest quintiles were 0.87 (0.73-1.03) for -carotene, 0.82 (0.69-0.98) for β-carotene, 0.86 (0.73-1.01) for β-cryptoxanthin, 0.82 (0.64-1.06) for lutein/zeaxanthin, and 1.13 (0.95-1.34) for lycopene. In conclusion, increasing fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with decreasing risk of renal cell cancer; carotenoids present in fruit and vegetables may partly contribute to this protection.